Modern lifestyles have triggered a surge in chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. A fast-paced yet sedentary existence, compounded by poor dietary choices, chronic stress, lack of exercise, and excessive screen exposure, has turned these ailments into global epidemics. Unlike infectious diseases, lifestyle disorders creep in silently, often remaining undetected until they escalate into severe health crises.
Prevention is the most effective defence. A nutrient-dense diet—rich in whole foods, lean proteins, healthy fats, and fibre—can significantly reduce the risk of metabolic disorders. Regular exercise, whether brisk walking, yoga, or strength training, not only fortifies physical health but also sharpens mental resilience. Stress management through mindfulness, meditation, and quality sleep plays a pivotal role in sustaining overall well-being. Cutting back on processed foods, alcohol, tobacco, and excessive digital consumption further enhances longevity and vitality.
Ultimately, health is a product of daily choices. Small, consistent habits—mindful eating, hydration, an active routine, and mental well-being—yield lasting benefits. By taking charge of our lifestyle today, we secure a healthier, disease-free future. Prevention, after all, remains far superior to cure.
In an exclusive conversation with The Interview World at the 3rd Awareness Summit on Illness to Wellness, hosted by ASSOCHAM, Dr. Manoj Kumar Jha, Additional Medical Superintendent at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences & Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, dissected the key drivers of lifestyle diseases. He spotlighted the lifestyle triggers behind hypertension and diabetes, examined the genetic predisposition to chronic illnesses, and emphasized the devastating effects of pollution on public health. More importantly, he outlined actionable strategies to maintain well-being in an increasingly demanding world.
Here are the key takeaways from his insightful discussion.
Q: With lifestyle-related factors increasingly being linked to the rise of hypertension and diabetes, how do you perceive their impact on public health, and what measures do you suggest to mitigate these risks?
A: Lifestyle plays a pivotal role in health, especially as hypertension and diabetes continue to rise at an alarming rate. If we compare today’s society to 40–50 years ago, people lived longer and these diseases were far less prevalent. The surge in cases directly stems from the modern lifestyle we have embraced—primarily marked by inactivity.
A sedentary work culture, dominated by desk jobs, has drastically reduced physical movement. Compounding the issue, unhealthy dietary habits have become the norm. Fast food consumption, excessive oil intake, and poor nutrition choices have fueled obesity, hypertension, and a host of other lifestyle-related diseases. The way we live today is actively undermining our health, making conscious lifestyle changes more crucial than ever.
Q: To what extent do genetic factors contribute to lifestyle diseases like hypertension and diabetes? Given the common perception that these conditions are inherited from parents, how do you differentiate between genetic predisposition and the role of lifestyle choices in their onset and management?
A: Diabetes exists in two primary forms: Type 1 and Type 2. Type 1 diabetes is largely genetic and typically manifests in childhood, requiring lifelong medical treatment. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes develops due to unhealthy lifestyle choices. Unlike Type 1, it is often preventable and, in its early stages, even reversible.
Adopting healthy habits can significantly delay or prevent Type 2 diabetes. Research shows that losing just 10% of body weight can help reverse or postpone the condition for years. This underscores a crucial fact—transforming our lifestyle can dramatically improve public health. Making informed choices today will shape a healthier society tomorrow.
Q: With rising pollution levels in major cities significantly impacting public health, how do you assess its role in the increasing prevalence of illnesses, and what measures do you suggest to mitigate its effects?
A: Pollution varies by season, but human activities, particularly construction, significantly contribute to its rise. When builders fail to implement dust control measures, air quality deteriorates. As a result, particulate matter (PM10, PM5, and PM2.5) reaches dangerously high levels. Among them, PM2.5 poses the greatest risk. It infiltrates the bloodstream, disrupts bodily functions, and leads to long-term respiratory illnesses.
The most effective solution lies in prevention. Reducing vehicular emissions by prioritizing public transportation over private cars can significantly curb air pollution. Fewer vehicles on the road translate to cleaner air. Additionally, construction projects must adhere to government and pollution control board guidelines to minimize dust and debris.
Water pollution is another pressing concern, largely driven by inadequate wastewater treatment infrastructure. Strengthening these systems is critical to safeguarding our environment and ensuring public health. Sustainable actions today will determine the quality of life for future generations.
Q: What key lifestyle changes and strategies do you recommend for maintaining optimal health in today’s fast-paced, modern world?
A: Small, consistent steps can create a profound impact on health and well-being. Committing to regular physical activity—at least three to four days a week for an hour each day—boosts cardiovascular health, enhances metabolism, and strengthens immunity. Equally important is maintaining a balanced diet. Cutting down on excessive oil intake while incorporating nutrient-dense foods like fresh vegetables, fruits, and whole grains supports overall wellness. These dietary choices provide essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that help prevent chronic illnesses. By making mindful lifestyle adjustments and sustaining them over time, individuals can significantly improve their quality of life and long-term health.
